Frequently asked questions

The green roof can be installed on almost any type of roof, as long as the structure has sufficient load-bearing capacity to support the additional weight of the system. It is important to carry out an assessment of the current structure of the roof to determine how much load it can support, and depending on this, the right type of system will be chosen. Thanks to the efficient drainage system, accumulated water can be properly drained even from concrete terraces with a 0 slope.

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Green roofs can also be installed on pitched roofs. In general, for slopes of less than 15 degrees, no special additional supports are required. For slopes between 15 and 50 degrees, an anti-erosion system is used to prevent the soil from sliding. In the case of a very steep slope of 75-80 degrees, special mounting systems may be required to ensure the stability of the green roof. When designing green roofs, it is essential to take into account the specific characteristics of each project and the unique requirements of the respective building.

Yes, green roofs can be installed on both new and renovated buildings. The installation process depends on the current condition of the roof, the structure and bearing capacity of the building. It is recommended to consult us to analyze the feasibility of installing a green roof in the case of the renovated building and to select the best solutions for durability and optimal performance.

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There are various types of green roofs, each suitable for different conditions and needs. The choice of green roof type depends on factors such as the building’s structure, local climate, available budget, and project objectives. Here are the most common types of green roofs:

1. Extensive green roofs: These are ideal for drought-resistant succulent plants such as Sedum, which require only a thin layer of substrate. Extensive green roofs are easy to maintain and represent an economical option for those who want a low-maintenance green system.
2. Semi-intensive green roofs: These systems combine elements of both extensive and intensive roofs, allowing for a wider range of plants — including perennials, grass, and small shrubs. They require more frequent maintenance and, in many cases, an irrigation system to support the vegetation.
3. Intensive green roofs: These allow for the planting of a wide variety of vegetation, including trees and large shrubs, but require thicker substrate layers, typically between 100 and 150 cm. Due to their complexity and load-bearing requirements, intensive green roofs need regular maintenance and robust structural support.
4. Modular green roofs: Built from prefabricated trays containing substrate and plants, these roofs are easy to install and adjust. They are ideal for DIY projects and provide a quick, efficient solution for creating a compact green roof.
5. Biosolar green roofs: These roofs combine vegetation with solar technologies, integrating photovoltaic panels into extensive or biodiverse green roof systems. This results in increased energy efficiency and a more sustainable ecological system.
6. Blue roofs: Designed to retain and store rainwater, these roofs contribute to sustainable water management. The collected water can be used for irrigation or other non-potable purposes.
7. Biodiverse green roofs: These roofs are created to support urban biodiversity by using native plants and providing habitats for insects and birds. They play an important role in maintaining a healthy urban ecosystem and supporting local wildlife.

Choosing the right type of green roof depends on your project’s goals and the specific conditions of the building. Each system offers unique advantages — from reducing energy costs to enhancing ecological diversity in urban areas.

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To select the most suitable green roof for your project, the first step is to assess the load-bearing capacity of the roof. Make sure that the building’s structure can support the additional weight of the substrate and vegetation. It is also important to consider local climatic conditions in order to choose the most appropriate plants and drainage systems. Don’t forget to clearly define the objectives of your project — such as creating a recreational space, supporting biodiversity, or improving energy efficiency. In addition, carefully analyze maintenance costs to make sustainable long-term decisions. Collaborating with green roof experts can help you make informed choices and successfully implement your green roof project.

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Installing a green roof requires the involvement of specialized professionals, such as landscape architects, builders, and green roof experts. These professionals work together to design and construct an efficient and durable green roof. It is essential to hire teams with experience and proper training in this field to ensure correct installation and long-lasting results.

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The selection of plants for green roofs depends on several factors, including local climatic conditions, the plants’ resistance to foot traffic and drought, costs, maintenance requirements, and the specific objectives of the project. For extensive green roofs, Sedum species are a popular choice due to their tolerance to extreme conditions and low maintenance needs. For intensive green roofs, perennials, small shrubs, and even trees can be used. It is important to consider factors such as sun exposure, average temperature, precipitation, and humidity to select plants appropriately and achieve both the aesthetic and functional goals of the project.

See: Vegetation

Sedum species are an ideal choice for extensive green roofs due to their remarkable resilience and rapid regenerative ability. These succulent plants can store water in their leaves, making them highly drought-tolerant, even under the challenging conditions of a green roof. In addition, Sedum can tolerate occasional foot traffic without being damaged. Another advantage is their low maintenance requirement, while providing a variety of colors and textures through their leaves and flowers, adding aesthetic appeal to the roof. Because of these traits, extensive green roof systems planted with Sedum offer a sustainable and cost-effective solution that maintains performance and visual appeal over time with minimal effort.

See: Extensive vegetation

A plant mat is a pre-grown structure made of living plants that have reached maturity. For green roofs, Sedum mats, bio-turf, and biodiversity mats are commonly used. These vegetation rolls are designed to enhance both the aesthetic appearance and the functional performance of green roofs. Once installed, they provide a complete, ready-to-use solution for creating a durable and low-maintenance green space.

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Choosing a plant mat offers multiple benefits because pre-grown rolls provide an immediate green result after installation, ensuring full coverage of the surface. These mats are a practical and efficient solution, offering instant advantages and contributing to a durable and aesthetically pleasing green roof. Compared to seeding or planting, pre-grown vegetation rolls are ready-to-use, guaranteeing quick installation and an instant, uniform appearance. Major benefits include resistance to foot traffic, better control of erosion and unwanted weeds, and, thanks to the mature plants, lower initial maintenance requirements.

See: Instant greening with vegetation roll

The costs of a green roof depend on several factors, such as the size of the project, the type of roof chosen, the plant species used, local conditions, and the complexity of the installation. It is important to consider both the initial costs and long-term maintenance expenses. Simpler extensive green roofs are generally more affordable. In contrast, intensive green roofs, which allow for larger plants, can involve higher costs due to the need for stronger support structures and more sophisticated drainage and irrigation systems.

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The lifespan of a green roof depends on several factors, such as the type of roof chosen, the quality of construction, local climatic conditions, and the level of maintenance provided. In general, green roofs can last a long time, often exceeding 50 years or more. A key factor in ensuring a long lifespan is maintaining a regular maintenance plan, which includes careful monitoring of the vegetation, drainage systems, and other important components of the green roof.

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The weight of green roofs can vary significantly depending on the type of roof, the plants used, and the thickness of the substrate.

• Extensive green roofs: are generally lighter, weighing between 100 and 260 kg/m² due to the thinner substrate of approximately 100–200 mm. For buildings with low load-bearing capacity, ultra-light systems can be used, with a substrate of only 4 cm and a structural weight of 60–70 kg/m².
• Semi-intensive green roofs: weigh between 200 and 300 kg/m², with a substrate thickness of 150–200 mm.
• Intensive green roofs: can be much heavier, ranging from 300 to 1000 kg/m² or more, depending on the type of plants, the weight of trees and shrubs, the substrate thickness, and additional landscaping elements. In these systems, the substrate can exceed 200 mm, reaching up to 1000–1500 mm.

Additionally, integrated systems such as blue roofs or biosolar roofs add extra load, and their weight varies depending on the type of system chosen. It is important to consider this additional weight during the design phase of the green roof.

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When installed correctly, green roofs do not harm the building’s structure or the roof’s waterproofing. In fact, they protect the waterproofing from temperature fluctuations, which can reach 80–90 °C during summer and winter. Green roofs help extend the lifespan of waterproofing membranes by shielding them from UV radiation. It is essential to follow proper design principles, including assessing the existing structure and installing appropriate waterproofing, to maintain the integrity of the building.

See: Advantages of a green roof

Water from green roofs is drained through specialized drainage systems, such as drainage boards and channels. These systems are integrated into the roof design to ensure efficient water removal. The drainage boards collect water and direct it toward discharge points, preventing water accumulation and protecting the building’s structure. They can also retain a portion of water in their special compartments, while excess water is drained away. The retained water is used by the vegetation, providing optimal growing conditions for the plants and helping to cool the building through the process of evapotranspiration.

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Extensive green roofs have the advantage of not requiring an irrigation system, as they are planted with drought-tolerant species like Sedum, which can survive with minimal water. However, during dry periods or in areas with low rainfall, an irrigation system can be beneficial to maintain plant health and the aesthetic appearance of the green roof. In contrast, semi-intensive and intensive green roofs often require irrigation systems to ensure proper hydration for the plants, especially when natural rainfall is insufficient. In general, the need for an irrigation system depends on the plant species used and local climatic conditions.

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Yes, green roofs can be combined with a variety of landscaping elements, especially in the case of intensive systems, when the building’s structure allows the addition of extra components on the roof. By using versatile systems and adaptable structures, complex projects can be created that resemble ground-level green spaces or parks. This integration provides both aesthetic and functional benefits, transforming the green roof into a multifunctional space. The addition of landscaping elements can create a pleasant green environment, ideal for relaxation, socializing, or recreational activities.

See: Furniture for intensive green roofs

The maintenance frequency of green roofs depends on their type and the local climatic conditions. In general, green roofs require minimal maintenance about 2–3 times per year, while intensive green roofs, which are more complex, need more frequent care—similar to ground-level gardens. Maintenance activities include irrigation, fertilization, mowing, plant care, and inspection of the drainage system. It is also important to regularly monitor the drainage and periodically check the waterproofing. Maintaining a proper maintenance plan ensures the long-term durability and functionality of the green roof.

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The maintenance of green roofs is usually the responsibility of the building owner or manager, and in many cases, it is delegated to a team of specialists in landscaping and green roof systems. Proper maintenance is essential to preserve both the health of the plants and the long-term aesthetic appearance of the roof. It is recommended to establish a clear maintenance plan and conduct regular inspections to ensure that the green roof remains in optimal condition throughout its lifespan.

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In general, most green roofs allow human access, but there are several factors to consider.

Extensive green roofs, which use hardy, low-maintenance plants such as Sedum, are designed to withstand occasional access—typically for maintenance purposes or light recreational activities. These roofs can handle infrequent foot traffic.

In contrast, intensive green roofs, which support larger plants such as trees and shrubs, are designed for more frequent use and can accommodate heavier and more regular pedestrian activity.

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Yes, green roofs can play an important role in obtaining environmental certifications such as LEED or BREEAM. They provide significant benefits in areas such as energy efficiency, stormwater management, biodiversity, air quality, and the reduction of the urban heat island effect—meeting the sustainability criteria required by these certifications.

By improving thermal insulation, increasing energy efficiency, and managing rainwater, green roofs contribute to meeting the standards of nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB), supporting sustainable construction principles. Furthermore, biosolar green roofs can also help supply renewable energy for NZEB buildings in an environmentally friendly way.

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Green walls, also known as living walls or vertical gardens, consist of modular panels mounted or integrated directly into the building wall, with plants grown in a specialized substrate, usually supported by a dedicated irrigation system. This type of greenery provides immediate wall coverage at the time of installation.

In contrast, green facades use climbing plants planted next to the wall, either in natural soil or in special containers with substrate. The plants can be attached directly to the wall or supported by structures such as trellises that allow them to climb the facade. This method is generally more cost-effective than panel systems, but achieving significant green coverage requires several years of growth until the plants reach full development.

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Green walls and facades can be installed on most types of buildings, but several key factors must be considered. Their feasibility depends on the building’s structure, load-bearing capacity, sun orientation, access to natural light, and maintenance possibilities. For a proper feasibility assessment and adequate planning of the installation, it is recommended to consult specialists who can ensure an efficient and durable implementation of the green system.

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Yes, green walls and facades can be efficiently implemented on renovated buildings. However, the installation process may vary depending on the current condition of the building, as there are tailored solutions designed to meet the specific needs of existing renovations.

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The costs of installing green walls and facades can vary depending on several factors, such as the size of the project, the height of installation, the type of system chosen, the plant species used, and the level of customization. Green facades generally represent a more affordable alternative compared to modular systems. Although the initial investment may vary, it is important to consider the long-term benefits, which can lead to significant savings — such as improved energy efficiency, better thermal and acoustic insulation, enhanced air quality, and a more attractive building appearance. These advantages can substantially increase the overall profitability of the project.

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When designing and installing green walls and facades, we carefully select the plants, taking into account the specific characteristics of each project. We choose hardy species that can easily adapt to local climatic conditions. This ensures not only an aesthetically pleasing appearance but also long-term durability, by integrating plants that grow healthily and harmoniously with their surrounding environment.

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Green facades can be created in two ways: some use climbing plants that grow directly on the building’s wall without the need for special supports, while others are equipped with support structures such as trellises, designed according to the type of plant and the chosen green facade system. These supports are engineered to promote healthy plant growth and ensure the longevity of the green facade, while also protecting the structural integrity of the building.

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In collaboration with our partners, we provide full support throughout the installation process of green walls and facades, offering state-of-the-art technological solutions. From detailed surface analysis and preparation to the installation of the support system, irrigation system, and planting of vegetation, our team coordinates and supervises every step, ensuring an efficient and long-lasting implementation.

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Green walls and facades can be installed throughout the year, except during freezing periods when the transport and installation of the systems are not feasible. However, the most favorable conditions for installation are in spring and autumn, when moderate temperatures and optimal humidity promote rapid adaptation and healthy plant growth.

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Yes, in many cases, green walls and facades require the implementation of irrigation and fertilization systems to ensure the health and growth of the plants. For green walls in particular, an irrigation system is essential to provide the necessary water to the plants. These systems are vital for supplying adequate water and nutrients, as the plants do not have direct access to natural soil.

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The panels of modular systems are equipped with special substrates designed to support plant growth. These substrates provide optimal growing conditions, featuring a lightweight structure and efficient drainage. At the same time, they retain enough water to maintain the necessary moisture for the plants. Additionally, the substrate supplies essential nutrients and provides a stable base, promoting healthy vegetation growth.

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The panel system for living walls typically weighs around 150 kg/m². However, this weight can vary depending on the specific characteristics of the project, the plant species used, and the size of the panels.

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Green walls and facades are designed not to affect the structure of the wall. Modern systems use lightweight materials and mounting solutions that minimize the impact on the building’s structure. It is essential to follow technical recommendations and have the installation carried out by professionals to ensure structural integrity and prevent potential issues. The risks of damage caused by climbing plants growing directly on the wall can be reduced by selecting the right plant species, continuously monitoring their growth, and performing regular maintenance.

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To keep green walls and facades in excellent condition, it is crucial to follow a regular maintenance plan. This should include actions such as periodic pruning of plants, removal of dry or damaged leaves, checking and adjusting the irrigation system, and fertilization tailored to the specific needs of the plants. Continuous monitoring of the vegetation and prompt interventions in case of issues are essential for maintaining the health and aesthetic appearance of green walls.

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Yes, green walls and facades are designed to be fire-resistant, using flame-retardant materials and construction solutions that comply with fire safety standards. Our systems are engineered to meet both aesthetic and ecological requirements, as well as fire safety regulations, ensuring the protection of the building.

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Yes, green walls and facades can play an important role in obtaining environmental certifications. They offer multiple benefits, including improved energy efficiency, stormwater management, enhanced air quality, and support for biodiversity. Integrating green walls and facades into construction or renovation projects contributes to meeting the standards required for certifications such as LEED or BREEAM. Additionally, they can help fulfill the requirements for nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB). These certifications reflect the project’s commitment to environmental protection and its positive impact on the environment.

See: Vertical gardens, vertical walls